- VT = Ventricular tachycardia
- Afib = Atrial fibrillation
- AVRT = Atrioventricular reentry tachy
- AVNRT= Nodal AVRT
- RBBB = Right bundle branch block
- LBBB = Left bundle branch block
- WPW = Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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This electrocardiogram quiz contains several brief medical histories and their matching ECGs. For each question, you should check between 0 to 4 diagnoses. If the blood pressure is not specified, it means that it is in the normal range.
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History of kidney transplantation, known with ischemic heart disease. Unstable angina pectoris for 3 days.
Hardly meets the criteria for left anterior hemiblock. Axis deviation between -45 ° and -60 °, qR complexes in I and aVL, rS complexes in II, III and aVF, time from onset of QRS to the top of R wave > 45ms (Intrinsicoid deflection).
Hardly meets the criteria for left anterior hemiblock. Axis deviation between -45 ° and -60 °, qR complexes in I and aVL, rS complexes in II, III and aVF, time from onset of QRS to the top of R wave > 45ms (Intrinsicoid deflection).
This patient has been examined by a practicing cardiologist for suspected tachycardia. He started taking metoprolol. Palpitation for two days.
Patient with diabetes and atrial fibrillation. He fell to the floor, was unconscious and had briefly mild twitches. He is now awake but is a little sweaty by the time the ambulance arrived. ABC stable.
Left anterior fascicular block. Supraventricular bigeminism (atrial tachycardia made of two focus)
Left anterior fascicular block. Supraventricular bigeminism (atrial tachycardia made of two focus)
Patient with heart failure and COPD. Slowly worsening breathlessness. Cold sweats. No definite chest pain.
Oppressive left lateral chest pain for 5 hours and impression sleeping left arm. BP 177/95 mmHg. Nitroglycerin spray has some effect on the pain.
The difference between atrial fibrillation (A-fib) and atrial flutter (A-flutter), is clinically relevant because typical flutter can easily be treated by radiofrequency ablation. A-fib and atypical A-flutter requires more expertise and radiofrequency ablation has lower success rate.
Atrial flutter:
Atrial rate ca. 300 bpm (200-400 bpm) with a heart rate typically ca. 150 bpm.
Atrial fibrillation:
Distinguish atypical A-flutter from coarse A-fib:
It may be difficult to distinguish atypical A-flutter from coarse A-fib. ‘Coarse A-fib’ has an “f” wave amplitude> 0.5 mm, which can mimic A-flutter “f” waves morphology. Atypical A-flutter may have varying AV conduction, which can cause an irregular heart rhythm.
BUT:
The difference between atrial fibrillation (A-fib) and atrial flutter (A-flutter), is clinically relevant because typical flutter can easily be treated by radiofrequency ablation. A-fib and atypical A-flutter requires more expertise and radiofrequency ablation has lower success rate.
Atrial flutter:
Atrial rate ca. 300 bpm (200-400 bpm) with a heart rate typically ca. 150 bpm.
Atrial fibrillation:
Distinguish atypical A-flutter from coarse A-fib:
It may be difficult to distinguish atypical A-flutter from coarse A-fib. ‘Coarse A-fib’ has an “f” wave amplitude> 0.5 mm, which can mimic A-flutter “f” waves morphology. Atypical A-flutter may have varying AV conduction, which can cause an irregular heart rhythm.
BUT:
Patient with COPD and paroxystic atrial fibrillation and has a DDD pacemaker because of sick sinus syndrome. Increasing shortness of breath over a few days. No chest pain.
Family history of severe ischemic cardiovascular illness. Active smoking. Onset of chest pain 20 minutes ago.
Previously healthy patient. Two days with on / off discomfort in the left arm. Tonight at. 0:30 acute onset of severe, retrosternal, oppressive pain radiating to the left arm.
Previously healthy. 1 ½ hours with strong, oppressive retorsternal chest pain and dyspnea. Good effect of nitroglycerin given prehospitaly. Pale and clammy skin. Has usually a normal ECG.
Increasingly poor general condition with weight loss, loathing of food and today also abdominal pain.
11 days with central chest oppression radiating to both arms as well as sensation of fatigue in both arms.
Cardiac arrest preceded by retrosternal oppression. Single DC shock delivered during transport. Awake.
Former smoker patient with a family history of cardiovascular disease. Over the last few days, he had intermittent pricking sensation in the chest. Marked deterioration one hour ago with the pain radiating now to the neck.
Dizziness and several episodes of emesis over the past 12 hours. Then retrosternal pain radiating to the neck.
Former smoker with hypertension. He woke up this morning with a tingling sensation in both arms. No chest pain. BP 210/93 mmHg. Symptoms disappear completely after nitro spray.
Patient with COPD and atrial fibrillation treated with digitalis. He complaints of shortness of breath and cough.
Previously healthy woman with a presyncope. Had a “unquiet heart” over the last 50 years but has never been properly investigated.
Previously healthy man without predisposition for heart disease. Brief and mild chest pain 12 hours ago. Have slept and is now pain free.
Ventricular tachycardia with capture and fusion as well as VA dissociation
Ventricular tachycardia with capture and fusion as well as VA dissociation
History of AMI / PCI. Wakes up with oppressive chest pain and feeling of reduced strength in both arms.